What is population?
Population refers to the number of people in a particular geographical area.
Australia’s official population concept
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Resident population
- Known as Estimated Resident Population (ERP).
- Counts people based on where they usually live (residency concept).
- Defined as: People living in Australia for at least 12 of the last 16 months.
- The official population number produced by the ABS.
- National population figures are published in Australian Bureau of Statistics, National, state and territory population.
How is Australia’s population measured?
Population is measured by counting people where they usually live
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Estimated Resident Population
- ERP is measured by taking Census data and adjusting it.

Other population concepts
Used in the Census
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Physically present population
- Known as Census counts by place of enumeration.
- Counts people based on where they are located at a given time.
- Defined as: In Australia at a particular time regardless of where they usually live.
- Measured in the Census by the ABS.
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Working population
- Counts people based on place of employment.
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Service population
- Counts people based on place of employment.
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Legal population
- Counts people based on citizenship and residency permits.